Growth and Your 4- to 5-Year-Old

Kids at this age are still very physical, but they learn in a more focused and less hectic way than when they were younger. These kids typically gain about 4–5 pounds (2 kilograms) and grow about 2–3 inches (5 to 8 centimeters) per year. An average 4-year-old weighs about 40 pounds and is about 40 inches tall.

Preschoolers are still developing and refining their gross motor skills (using their arms and legs to move and play), as well as their fine motor skills (working on arts and crafts and puzzles). By this age, kids can usually hop on one foot and are learning to skip.

Play becomes increasingly imaginative and is an important part of kids’ growth and development now. So it’s important to make sure they have time for creative play — alone and with friends — whether that means drawing pictures, playing house, or acting a part.

Although kids come in all shapes and sizes, a healthy child should continue to grow at a regular pace. To monitor physical development, the doctor will weigh and measure your child at regular checkups, then plot the results on a standard growth chart to follow over time and compare with that of other kids the same age and gender.

Helping Your Child Grow

Normal growth — aided by good nutrition, plenty of sleep, and regular exercise — is one of the best overall indicators of a child’s good health. But your child’s growth pattern is largely determined by genetics. Pushing kids to eat extra food or more than the recommended amounts of vitamins, minerals, or other nutrients will not make them taller. And eating too much may lead to excessive weight gain.

Preschoolers can be picky eaters, but it’s important to continue to offer a variety of foods. Also, preschoolers should get at least 60 minutes of physical activity each day. Kids at this age are naturally active, so encourage that activity and provide a safe environment for exploration.

At the Doctor’s Office

There is a wide range of “normal” heights and weights. Shorter parents, for instance, tend to have shorter kids, whereas taller parents tend to have taller kids.

You may worry if your child isn’t as tall as his or her peers. But the more important question is whether your child is continuing to grow at a normal rate. If, for instance, your child’s growth rate had been normal but has recently slowed, the doctor may track growth over a few months to see if this is a possible health problem or just a variation of normal.

You may be concerned that your child is too small. Most kids who are very short — at or below the 5th percentile on the growth chart — are usually following one of two normal variant growth patterns:

1. Familial (genetic) short stature: This is when kids inherit genes for short stature but grow at a normal rate, enter puberty at an average age, and reach a final adult height similar to that of their parents.
2. Constitutional growth delay: This is when kids grow at a normal rate but are smaller than their peers, enter puberty later, and continue growing after their peers have stopped, thus usually reaching a normal adult height.

But medical conditions like hypothyroidism also can affect a child’s growth, so talk with your doctor if you have a concern.