Conditions We Treat

TTTS is a rare, life-threatening clinical syndrome that only occurs in identical twins or higher order multiple gestations that share a placenta. TTTS is characterized by one twin developing excessive amniotic fluid volume (polyhydramnios) and the co-twin too little amniotic fluid (oligohydramnios). This causes the twins to grow at different rates and can lead to complications.

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MMC is the most common and most serious form of spina bifida, in which part of the spinal cord and surrounding nerves protrude from the fetus’s back. Usually, the exposed spinal cord and nerves are contained in a sac that is exposed to amniotic fluid in the womb. This can lead to progressive injury and neurologic deficits.

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CDH occurs when the diaphragm doesn’t close during development. The diaphragm usually separates the chest from the abdomen. With a hole or gap in the diaphragm, the stomach, intestines and liver can move into the chest cavity.

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CPAM is a benign tumor of the lung characterized by a cystic mass of disorganized but otherwise normal lung tissue. It is thought to occur from abnormal development of the embryonic lung bud at the fifth or sixth week of development. CPAM is slightly more common in males and rarely presents before 20 weeks of gestation.

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BOO is a condition where the baby’s urethra is partially or completely blocked during pregnancy. This limits (or prevents) the bladder from emptying into the amniotic space. In severe cases, the baby doesn’t produce enough amniotic fluid, which can impact the bladder, kidneys and lungs. 

FRF is syndrome that results in the inability to produce sufficient urine to maintain normal amniotic fluid volume, which is essential for normal fetal lung development. In FRF, the lack of amniotic fluid limits lung development and causes pulmonary hypoplasia, a life-threatening condition where the baby is unable to breathe on their own after birth.

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Hydronephrosis is a condition where the baby’s kidney swells during pregnancy due to a blockage. The severity depends on how much the kidney increases in size. If the condition causes significant swelling and is not corrected, the kidney may lose its ability to make urine. 

SCT is a tumor at the tip of the tailbone. An SCT develops from embryonic stem cells in the primitive streak at the tail end of the developing embryo. The primitive streak normally completely disappears by the fourth week of pregnancy. If stem cells in the primitive streak persist beyond the fourth week of embryonic development, they will give rise to an SCT.

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TRAP sequence occurs in identical twins or or triplets that have a direct artery-to-artery connection between them. One twin has no heart, or only a rudimentary heart, and is known as the acardiac twin. This twin is kept alive only by blood flow in its umbilical artery from the pump twin. The pump twin’s heart must support itself and the co-twin without a heart. As the twins grow in size, there is a growing strain on the pump twin’s heart, until it begins to fail

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ABS is a group of rare congenital anomalies that occur when fibrous strands from the amniotic sac wrap around parts of the baby in the womb. Most of the time, the bands wrap around the baby’s fingers, toes, arms or legs.  

Gastroschisis is a congenital abdominal wall defect that is characterized by a full thickness defect to the right of the umbilical cord. The defect is present as early as the 6th week of gestation. There are several theories in regards to what causes gastroschisis.