While blood clots are rare in children, they can still happen. Knowing what to look for can help you get the right care quickly. A blood clot can become serious if left untreated, so it is important to be aware of the signs and symptoms. Laura McKay, MD, pediatric hematologist/oncologist, discusses.
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A blood clot is a clump of blood that sticks together. Clots help stop bleeding when you get a cut, but sometimes they form inside a vein or artery when they shouldn’t. These clots can block blood flow and cause serious problems. When blood flow is blocked, it can lead to swelling, pain, and other symptoms. In severe cases, clots can travel to the lungs or brain and become life-threatening.
Are blood clots in children common?
Blood clots in children are not that common, but they can happen. Some things that may increase the risk include:
Injuries like broken bones: If a child has a broken bone or serious injury, blood flow can be affected, leading to an increased risk of clotting.
Certain medical conditions: Some illnesses and medical conditions can raise the risk of blood clots. At Connecticut Children’s, our Hemostasis & Thrombosis Program cares for children with all kinds of bleeding and clotting disorders.
Not moving for long periods: If a child is sitting or lying down for a long time, such as during a long car ride, airplane trip, or bed rest after an illness, blood clots can develop.
Surgery or a long hospital stay: When a child has surgery or stays in the hospital for a long time, they may not be moving as much as usual. This can cause the blood to pool and form clots.
Family history of blood clots: If someone in the family has had blood clots, the child may have a higher risk due to genetic factors.
Medications: Some medications, such as those used for birth control or hormone therapy, may increase the risk of blood clots in older children and teens.
What are possible signs of a blood clot?
It’s important to know the signs of a blood clot so you can act fast. Please note that some of these signs alone do not necessarily mean a blood clot. Call your doctor if you notice:
Swelling – One arm or leg may look bigger than the other. Swelling may appear suddenly and without an obvious cause.
Pain or tenderness – Your child may say their arm or leg hurts for no clear reason. The pain may feel like a cramp or soreness that doesn’t go away.
Skin color changes – The skin over the affected area might look red or blue. This could be a sign that blood is not flowing properly.
If you think your child has a blood clot, call the doctor right away. If they have trouble breathing, chest pain, or fainting, call 911 or go to the emergency room. Doctors may run tests, such as an ultrasound or blood test, to check for a clot. Treatment may include blood thinners or other medications to break up the clot. In some cases, a procedure may be needed to remove the clot.
If you think your child has a blood clot, call the doctor right away. If they have trouble breathing, chest pain, or fainting, call 911 or go to the emergency room.
Encouraging movement – If your child is sitting for long periods, remind them to get up and move around. After an illness or surgery, encourage gentle movement as soon as it’s safe.
Keeping them hydrated – Drinking plenty of water helps keep blood flowing smoothly and prevents clotting.
Watching for signs after an injury or surgery – If your child has had a broken bone, surgery, or another medical procedure, pay close attention to any unusual symptoms.
Knowing your family history – If you or other family members have had blood clots, talk to your doctor about any extra precautions that might be needed for your child, or if a referral to hematology for additional testing is recommended.
Promoting healthy habits – Regular exercise, a balanced diet, and staying at a healthy weight can all help reduce the risk of blood clots. It is also important to avoid smoking and vaping as this can also increase the risk.
Are there different types of blood clots?
Yes, there are different types of blood clots, and some are more dangerous than others:
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) – This type of clot forms in a deep vein, usually in the legs. It can cause pain, swelling, and redness.
Pulmonary embolism (PE) – This occurs when a clot breaks off and travels to the lungs. It can cause shortness of breath, chest pain, and dizziness. A PE is a medical emergency.
Arterial clots – These clots can block blood flow to important organs like the brain or heart, leading to strokes or heart attacks.
There are several inherited clotting disorders that can increase the risk of blood clots. If you or your doctor suspect your child has a blood clot or an inherited clotting disorder, consider a visit to Connecticut Children’s pediatric Hemostasis & Thrombosis clinic where our team of experts work together to provide specialized care tailored toward each individual.
-- Remember, blood clots in kids are rare, but knowing the signs can make all the difference. If you ever have concerns, trust your instincts and call your doctor. Your quick action could keep your child safe and healthy.
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