What to Know About Human Parvovirus, AKA Slapped Cheek or Fifth Disease

The CDC recently warned communities about an increase in human parvovirus B19, also known as “fifth” or “slapped cheek” disease: fifth because in the 19th century, it was fifth in a group of common illnesses with a rash and slapped cheek because of the infamous rash it often causes. Daycare or school-aged kids are bound to get parvovirus at some point, and most infections are mild.

Naturally, parents are worried about the uptick in cases among all age groups, especially 5-9 years old. Andrew Carlson, MD, Medical Director of Primary Care at Connecticut Children’s answers the most common questions parents have right now about parvovirus.

What is parvovirus?

Like many illnesses, parvovirus is a very common respiratory disease that usually impacts kids who aren’t yet immune. It’s contagious and spread through respiratory droplets like coughing and sneezing. It causes flu-like symptoms and a slapped-looking rash on the cheeks, and sometimes on the trunk, back and chest. So, cover your cough and wash your hands!

Why is there a spike in human parvovirus cases?

Researchers aren’t entirely sure but many believe it’s because of COVID-19 significantly impacting illness patterns over the years and redefining the new normal for illnesses. Another theory is human parvovirus can break out in cycles, and this might very well be one of those cycles.

How long is someone contagious with parvovirus?

It’s hard to say, but once the rash appears, most pediatricians agree you are no longer contagious.

Can my child go to school with parvovirus?

Like many other illnesses, if they aren’t feeling well and have obvious symptoms, they should stay home until those symptoms resolve. As for the rash, it can take a while to go away, so make sure you get a doctor’s note if the school asks for one.

Is human parvovirus dangerous?

That depends. In most cases, it’s a mild illness that resolves on its own. But with the uptick in cases, pregnant women and those with blood disorders should be extra cautious because parvovirus can:

Lower blood count, which is potentially dangerous for those with sickle cell, thalassemia and other bleeding disorders.
Pass to the developing baby in the womb, so if you’ve been exposed, tell your Ob/Gyn so they can monitor you. Though in most cases it’s very unlikely to cause harm, there is a slightly increased risk of miscarriage. More about human parvovirus and pregnancy here.

Those with other immunocompromising diseases should also be extra cautious. Think back to the peak of COVID-19: mask up if needed, wash your hands and keep your distance within reason.

Can you catch parvovirus twice?

It’s not likely. Once you have immunity, you have immunity for life.

Will antibiotics “cure” human parvovirus.

No. As with many viral illnesses, antibiotics do nothing unless the infection is bacterial.

Can I catch "parvo" from my dog?

No, parvovirus does not transmit from dogs to humans and vice versa even though it is a common illness in dogs.

Now is an important time as any to teach your kids the importance of frequent handwashing and playing it safe by covering their cough.