Why Your Child Might Need a Pediatric Hematologist-Oncologist: 10 Expert Reasons

A pediatric hematologist/oncologist is a doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating both blood disorders and cancer in children.  More specifically, a pediatric hematologist treats conditions related to red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, bone marrow,bleeding and clotting, and even the lymph nodes and spleen. While some of these disorders are serious, many are common, treatable, and manageable.

Your child’s pediatrician may refer them to a hematologist if there’s something unusual in their blood tests or if they’re experiencing symptoms that might be related to a blood condition. The good news? Seeing a specialist often helps provide answers faster and more accurately.

>>Did you know? Connecticut Children's has a dedicated hemostasis and thrombosis program.
 

Here are ten of the most common reasons a child might be referred to a pediatric hematologist:

1. Unexplained bruising or bleeding
   If your child bruises easily, gets prolonged nosebleeds, or takes a long time to stop bleeding after a cut, a hematologist can check for a bleeding disorder like hemophilia or von Willebrand disease.
    
2. Low platelet counts (thrombocytopenia)
   Platelets are cells that help the blood clot. If your child has low platelet levels, they may bruise or bleed more easily. A hematologist can help find the cause and suggest the right treatment.
    
3. Anemia or iron deficiency
   Anemia happens when the body doesn’t have enough healthy red blood cells. This can cause tiredness, weakness, pale skin, or dizziness. A hematologist can figure out what kind of anemia your child has and how best to treat it. Most often in children and teenagers, anemia is due to iron deficiency and a hematologist can help investigate and explore treatment options.
    
4. Abnormal bloodwork 
   Sometimes routine bloodwork picks up something unusual—like a high or low white blood cell count or a prolonged bleeding test. A hematologist can help determine whether it’s something temporary (like a recent virus) or something that needs further care.
    
5. Swollen lymph nodes or an enlarged spleen
   These can be signs of fighting an infection, but can also be related to underlying blood disorders. A hematologist can evaluate whether there’s a need for further testing or treatment.
    
6. Frequent infections
   If your child seems to be getting sick a lot and blood tests show low white blood cells, there may be an issue with how their immune system is functioning. A hematologist can help figure that out.
    
7. Bone pain or fatigue
   While there are many causes of fatigue and aches in kids, persistent symptoms can sometimes point to blood or bone marrow conditions that need further evaluation.
    
8. Family history of early blood clots
   If members in your family have had blood clots at a young age, it may be helpful to discuss with a hematologist. A hematologist can help determine if it is necessary to test the child or teenager and if any medications should be avoided.
    
9. Abnormal newborn screen
   If your child had an abnormal newborn screen for conditions like sickle cell disease or thalassemia, your child will need to be evaluated by a hematologist. In many cases, if a child only has the trait for one of these conditions, they won’t need ongoing medical care—but it’s still important to go over the diagnosis and understand what it means.
    
10. Managing a known blood disorder
    If your child has already been diagnosed with a condition like sickle cell anemia, ITP (immune thrombocytopenia), or hemophilia, a hematologist will likely be part of their regular care team to help manage symptoms and monitor their health over time.

At your child’s first visit, their care team will:

• Review your child’s medical history
• Ask about any symptoms or family history
• Likely order (or review) blood tests
• Explain any findings in clear, simple terms

As a health system 100% dedicated to kids, Connecticut Children's pediatric hematology/oncology offices are child-friendly, with specialty trained staff who are used to working with families and young patients. Don’t be afraid to bring a list of questions or concerns—it’s okay to feel nervous, and the care team is there to support you!