An arrhythmia is a problem with the heart’s electrical system that affects how the heart beats. It can cause the heart to beat too fast (tachycardia), too slow (bradycardia) or in an irregular pattern. While many arrhythmias are harmless, some can lead to symptoms or long-term heart problems and require expert evaluation by a pediatric cardiologist.
Signs and Symptoms of an Arrhythmia
Some children with arrhythmias have no noticeable symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they may include:
- Fast, slow or irregular heartbeat
- Fluttering or pounding in the chest
- Chest pain or discomfort
- Lightheadedness or dizziness
- Unusual sweating
- Shortness of breath
- Fatigue
- Fainting or passing out
If your child is experiencing any of these signs, it’s important to seek evaluation from a heart specialist.
What causes Arrhythmias in Children?
Arrhythmias can be present at birth or develop later in life. Causes may include:
- Congenital heart defects, including problems with the heart’s electrical system
- Cardiomyopathy or structural heart changes
- Thyroid disorders (overactive or underactive)
- Imbalances in electrolytes (such as potassium or calcium)
- Reactions to medications
- Viral infections, including COVID-19
Diagnosing an Arrhythmia
To diagnose an arrhythmia, your child’s cardiologist may use:
- Electrocardiogram (EKG) – Measures the heart’s electrical activity
- Holter monitor or event monitor – Records heart rhythm over time
- Echocardiogram – Uses ultrasound to look at heart structure and function
- Exercise stress test – Monitors the heart during physical activity
These tests help determine the type of arrhythmia and the best course of treatment.
Treatment Options
Not all arrhythmias need treatment. When they do, options depend on the type of arrhythmia, your child’s symptoms and their overall heart health. Treatment may include:
- Observation and monitoring
- Medications to control heart rate or rhythm
- Ablation procedures to correct the electrical pathway
- Pacemakers or defibrillators for serious rhythm disturbances
- Lifelong congenital heart care if associated with a structural heart condition
Connecticut Children’s Heart Center provides long-term support, including imaging and specialist care close to home.
Schedule an Appointment
Connecticut Children’s Heart Center provides expert care for irregular heart rhythms. We’ll help you understand your child’s condition and guide you through diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.
Frequently Asked Questions
Irregular heartbeats in children are sometimes harmless and go unnoticed. But if your child feels lightheaded, has chest fluttering, faints or becomes unusually tired, it’s worth checking in with a pediatric cardiologist. Even in the absence of symptoms, a routine checkup can help identify concerns early.
Common diagnostic tools include EKGs, Holter monitors and echocardiograms. These help your cardiologist assess how your child’s heart is functioning.
Treatment depends on the type and severity of the arrhythmia. Options range from observation to medication, catheter ablation or device implantation.
It depends on the type and severity of the arrhythmia. Some children can safely participate in sports with medical supervision, while others may need to avoid strenuous activity. Your cardiologist will guide you based on test results.
Most children with stable arrhythmias can travel safely. Be sure to talk with your child’s cardiologist before flying or going long distances, especially if your child is on medication or uses a cardiac device.
Some arrhythmias go away as a child grows, especially those related to development. Others may require ongoing care into adulthood.
Most children with arrhythmias grow and learn normally. If symptoms like fatigue or fainting are present, they may impact activity or concentration. We’ll work with your child’s care team and school if accommodations are needed.