An ear infection, or acute otitis media, is a common childhood condition that affects the middle ear—the space behind the eardrum. It often develops after a cold or upper respiratory infection. Symptoms include pain, fever, ear tugging and decreased hearing.

While some ear infections go away on their own, others may require medical treatment, especially if they occur frequently or cause hearing problems.

Signs and Symptoms of an Ear Infection

Young children can't always express discomfort, so watch for these signs:

  • Ear pain
  • Pulling or tugging at the ear
  • Fussiness or frequent crying
  • Difficulty sleeping
  • Loss of appetite
  • Fever (especially in babies under 2 years old)

If your child has these symptoms, especially following a cold, they may have an ear infection.

Causes of Ear Infections

Ear infections are caused by bacteria or viruses, often after a cold, flu or other respiratory infection. Children between 6 months and 2 3 years old are at the highest risk due to:

  • Poor eustachian tube function, which can lead to fluid build-up in the middle ear spaces
  • Increased exposure to germs in daycare or preschool
  • Smoke exposure (tobacco or other)

Other risk factors include allergies and bottle-feeding while lying down.
 

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on your child's age and the severity of the infection:

  • Watchful waiting: Most mild infections clear on their own within 2-3 days.
  • Pain relief: Over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help.
  • Fluids and rest: Keeping your child hydrated and comfortable can aid recovery.
  • Antibiotics: If the infection is bacterial and doesn't improve, your doctor may prescribe amoxicillin or another antibiotic.
  • Ear tubes: If your child has three or more ear infections in 6 months, fluid buildup lasting longer than 3 months causing hearing loss, or other hearing problems due to recurrent infections, your doctor may recommend ear tubes to help improve middle ear function and reduce future infections.

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Connecticut Children’s pediatric ENT specialists provide expert care for ear infections, hearing loss and other ENT conditions.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Look for ear pain, fussiness, trouble sleeping and fever, especially if your child recently had a cold. Pulling at the ear is another common sign in toddlers.

Yes, ear infections can cause fever, particularly in babies under 2 years old. A fever over 102 0F (390C) may indicate a bacterial infection.

No, teething does not directly cause ear infections. However, teething increases saliva production, which can lead to congestion, making an ear infection more likely.

See a doctor if:

  • Symptoms last more than 2 days
  • Fever is above 102°F (39°C)
  • There is fluid or pus draining from the ear
  • The child has frequent ear infections (more than three in 3 months or four in 6 months)