Constipation occurs when a child has infrequent or difficult-to-pass bowel movements, often resulting in discomfort or pain. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including diet, hydration and muscle function. While occasional constipation is common, persistent issues may require medical attention.

Signs and Symptoms of Constipation

If your child is constipated, they may experience:

  • Hard or painful stools
  • Fewer bowel movements than usual
  • Abdominal pain or cramping
  • Stool leakage or staining on underwear
  • Straining or bleeding during bowel movements
  • Bloating or reduced appetite

Causes of Constipation

  • Slow stool movement: The colon isn’t pushing waste through efficiently
  • Pelvic floor dysfunction: The muscles involved in bowel movements aren’t working properly
  • Dietary factors: Low fiber intake or inadequate hydration
  • Medications: Some medications slow digestion
  • Behavioral and emotional factors: Stress, fear of using the toilet or changes in routine

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the severity and underlying cause of constipation. Common approaches include:

  • Dietary and lifestyle changes: Increasing fiber intake, drinking more water and encouraging regular bathroom habits
  • Medications: Laxatives, stool softeners or enemas, as prescribed by a doctor
  • Pelvic floor therapy: Exercises to improve muscle coordination and bowel function
  • Medical intervention: In rare cases, surgery may be necessary for severe constipation or blockages

Expert pediatric GI care

Connecticut Children’s pediatric gastroenterology specialists provide expert care for constipation and other digestive concerns.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Look for signs like infrequent, hard or painful stools, straining, bloating and stool leakage.

Seek medical care if constipation lasts more than two weeks, causes severe pain, vomiting, weight loss or blood in the stool.

Encourage a high-fiber diet, plenty of fluids, regular physical activity and consistent bathroom habits.

Yes, children with chronic constipation may need ongoing dietary adjustments, medication or physical therapy to maintain regular bowel movements.